Must-Know Tennis Terms in French

Whether you love playing tennis or watching the major international tournaments, you need to know tennis terminology  to fully appreciate the games. Why in French? Well, if youre witnessing the prestigious French Open,  created in 1891 and now  held annually  over late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, you wont miss a play or aside if you understand the players and commentators. Or maybe you want to read tennis analysis in a major French publication. If you know the lingo, you win again. The French Open and the Grand Slam Where does the French Open fit into the scheme of major international tournaments? Most importantly, its the  second major  tennis tournament comprising the global Grand Chelem (Grand Slam)  each year; the other three, in chronological order, are the  Australian Open, the  U.S. Open,  and  Wimbledon.  The  Grand Slam  tournaments, called  majors, are the worlds four most important tennis  events, each held over two grueling weeks and each offering the most prize money, attention, ranking points, and more. Tennis Singles Stars As of 2017, the winningest mens Grand Slam player of all time is Roger Federer of Switzerland who has won 19 majors: the Australian Open five times, the French Open once, Wimbledon eight times, and the US Open five times. Spains Rafael Nadal comes in second with 15 title wins, and American Pete Sampras is third with 14. Australian Margaret Court, now in her 70s, still holds the distinction of the most majors singles titles with 24: 11 wins at Australian Opens, five at the French Open, three at Wimbledon, and five at the US Open. American Serena Williams follows at 23. Steffi  Graf  of Germany  won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, and  in 1988, this phenomenal player  became the first and only tennis player (male or female) to achieve the  Golden Slam  by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year. She is also the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times. With records like this, its easy to see why tennis can be an exciting sport for both players and spectators. To understand the action, here, for your edification and enjoyment, are the top tennis terms in the French language. The World of Tennis, in French le tennis   tennis(le tournoi de) Roland-Garros, les Internationaux de France   French Open(le tournoi de tennis de) Wimbledon   Wimbledonun Grand Chelem a  Grand Slamsimple messieurs   mens singlessimple dames   womens singlesdouble messieurs   mens doublesdouble dames   womens doubles The People of Tennis   un arbitre a  refereeune invitation a  wild cardun joueur de tennis a  tennis playerun juge de ligne a  line judgele serveur the  serverle ramasseur de balles the  Ã‚  ball boyla tà ªte de sà ©rie the  seed, seeded playerla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro un the  top seed, number one seedla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro deux the  number two seed Tennis Courts and Equipment la balle de tennis the  tennis ballle carrà © de service the  service boxle choix de cà ´tà ©s the  choice of sidesle choix de service  Ã‚  the choice of servicele couloir  Ã‚  the alley, the tramlinesle court the  courtun court de terre battue a  clay courtun court en dur   a hard courtun court en gazon a  grass courtle filet the  netla ligne de fond the  baselinela ligne de service the  service linela raquette the tennis racket Tennis Serves and Shots un ace an  aceun amorti a  drop shotla balle de service a  service ballun coup a  strokele coup droit the  forehandla deuxià ¨me balle the  second serveune double faute a  double faultun effet a  spinune faute a  fault, error, outun let a  letle lift a  topspinun lob a  lobun revers a  backhandun revers à   deux mains a  two-handed backhandle service the  serve,  serviceun  slice a  sliceun smash a  smashune volà ©e a  volley Tennis Scoring rien, zà ©ro   lovequinze   fifteentrente   thirtyquarante   fortyA / quinze A   all / fifteen allpartout / quinze partout   all / fifteen allà ©galità ©   deuceavantage service   ad-in, advantage inavantage dehors   ad-out, advantage outla balle de break   break pointla balle de jeu   game pointla balle de match   match pointla balle de set   set pointune dà ©cision   callle jeu   gameun jeu dà ©cisif   tie-breakerjeu, set, match   game, set, matchle match the  matchout   outle set, la manche   setsur la ligne   on the line The Action donner de leffet (à   une balle)   to put spin (on a ball)à ªtre au service   to have the service, to be servingfrapper   to hitjouer   to playprendre le service de quelquun   to break someones serveservir   to servetenir le score   to keep the score

Tok Can We Ever Know Anything Purely Through Emotion How...

In my opinion I do not think that we can know anything purely through emotion because emotions are â€Å"reactions or responses related to sense perceptions, internal states, thoughts or beliefs about things or people, real or imagined.† (Emotion as a WOK, Mondelli) Also emotions without the other three areas of knowledge emotions would have no way of expression because to be able to recognize what you feel you have to have logic and reason. To be able to feel your emotions you have to have your sense perception. To be able to say what you feel to yourself and other people around you have to know the correct language and be able to communicate those feelings and emotions. However some people may argue that you can know things purely through†¦show more content†¦The effectiveness of playing those recordings with the carefully chosen words and phrases in them to bring together his ideals eventually lead to Jim Jones having full control over his congregation; so much so that he was able to convince almost near one thousand of his followers to commit mass suicide. The Emotions that his language invoked in his followers gave him power beyond belief. Language plays a very important role in how we interpret, understand and control our emotions or in the case of the Jonestown people relinquish control of their emotions due to the use of persuasive language. Also another example of how language plays a major role in emotion is in literature, more specifically poetry. In John Donne’s poem A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning the language that he uses creates a very light and open feeling inside of me when I read it. It sounds very elegant and beautiful to read and makes me feel very happy inside. â€Å"Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet A breach, but an expansion, Like gold to aery thinness beat. If they be two, they are two so 2 As stiff twin compasses are two ; Thy soul, the fix d foot, makes no show To move, but doth, if th other do. And though it in the centre sit, Yet, when the other far doth roam, It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home. Such wilt thou be to me, who must, Like th other foot,

Fanaticism in Sports Religions & Politics-Free-Samples for Students

Question: How Passons Lead to Fanaticism In Sports Religions and Politics. Answer: It may appear strange associating religion with entertainment factors of sports. It should be kept in mind that the sports and the religion have diverged relationship. However, both the categories are capable of providing immense entertainment to its visitors. This relationship is rooted in the history. Before appearance of mass communication, ceremonies on religion were the main source of entertainment for the common person (Jona Okou, 2013). These ordinary people would scarcely visit in a theater program or events based on the sports. However, in sports and religion people could attain the communal entertainment. One can divide the sports and religion as two different categories; however, one should notice the convergence point of these two different categories, which is prominent, noticeable and distinctive. The team spirit or communal spirit is present in both sports and religion. Most of the local people are the supporters to their local team. They also attach to the religion in a way they attach to their sports team. The sensation of locality is rooted in both sports and religion. It is like all the members of the community are rooted in the same team, in other words, which could be called religion. The religion of the parents, grandparents and childhood friend might be common in a particular region. When they participate in a religious ceremony, the feeling associated with it is same as participation in a sports event as supporters (Harvey, 2014). Therefore, the bonds they comprehend for the team or religion is similar to the feeling of participation in a community. The feeling is associated with the communal feeling for both the categories: sports and religion. The communal feelings gained from participation in the religious ceremonies and sports events are based on the cultural premises. This feeling is similar to the feeling of rallying together as a tribe and encourages the warriors for fighting to protect the community. It is important for the community leaders to keep everyone safe in the community. However, it should be kept in mind that rallying together has assisted us to survive through the history. It has its long past in the time and history. For this reason, the drive of rallying together is present in our biological system. We feel good and excited when we stand in a stadium with millions of people standing together. This drive is so much rooted in our biological system that it gives excitement in cheering up with thousands of people for a common reason (Higgs, 2015). The popularity of music concerts, rallies and events could be described in a way that it all provides the feeling of connectedness and this feeling of connectedne ss drives the participants. As the supporters of a sports team, become the part of the team without accepting contradicting viewpoints, similarly most of the people embrace the local religion or the religion of their village without accepting any alternative views about that religion. In both the cases, it is not a choice. Sports and religious supporters are sightless and they are quite unacceptable in accepting even the well-justified alternative views. As they exhibit honor to their own beliefs, similarly they often rally only to destroy their rivals (Watson Parker, 2014). However, there is no championship trophy to compete. Being a fan of anything means overlooking the other perspectives and it makes it easy to lose the other perspective on what you care. This could explain the reason behind why I would not like to be a fan in the same way again. It is scholarly believe that the fans are solely committed to their favorite stars as well as their favorite teams in a way that could create meaning and determination to their lives (Watson Parker, 2012). In addition to that, sports spectatorship is a kind of transformative experience and the fans could escape from their humdrum lives by this transformative experience. Spectatorship could provide a transformative experience by which fans could elevate from their daily life hazards. Transformative experience of sports spectatorship could explain the quasi-religious goals of face painting, hair tinting or distinctive choice of costumes (Harvey, 2014). Religion wants to provide a community based transformative feeling. Quasi means apparently but not really. Quasi-religion means apparent religious feeling. Face painting, hair tinting or distinctive choice of costumes provide the sense of identification with community that have similar mind-set. However, these activities are able to provide a quasi-religious feeling as religion too is able to provide community feeling. These activities are not related to religion; however, the feelings from these activities are similar to that of religious feeling. These activities like face brushing, hair highlighting or unique choice of costumes could help the participants to escape from the disappointments and limitations of daily life, which is similar to the feeling of religion and spectatorship. Activities such as these could be able to establish a community of supporters of the similar activity. Fanatics are the priceless customers to a particular brand. They are highly attractive to the marketers for variety of reasons. For example, some fanatics are moved by the extreme consumption drives that would entail high rate of usage and purchase patterns. These fanatics act as opinion leaders as they would earn others attention to the brand. They could also captivate the other customers on behalf of the brand. Fanatics undertake personal and financial supports to the brand by connecting and engaging in brand communities. As they are the fanatics, their support is consistent, resolute. Their support is so resistant against the views of marketing massages from competitor brands that any endeavor to minimize the attachment to the brand would be disregarded by the fanatics. Hugenberg (2014) explains that companies could be monetarily benefitted by the fan loyalty. There is a similarity between the fanatical fan and devoted fan. Distance and time do not matter for the fanatical fans; these persons are not bounded by the time or distance (Higgs, 2015). They identify themselves with the attachment of sports consumptive object. Self-identification with being a fan is very important part of a fanatical fan. The fanatical fan behaves in such a way that is beyond the normal devoted fan. Fanatical fans show much anxiety, higher level of knowledge about the team and a feeling of arousal while watching the game, which is different pattern of behavior from the normal devoted fans. However, the family, friends or other fans accept the behavior of the fanatical fans because the source of their behavior is rooted in the supportive nature of their characters. They are the mere supporters to a particular game, team and sport, though they are the blind. Devoted fan might go to watch the game. However, the fanatical fans would like to visit the gallery with fac es painted with the colors of their supportive team. They would like to go to the gallery with costumes that would exhibit a completely different behavior than that of the devoted fans. For the fanatical fans, interactions with the club are highly esteemed. In case of the devoted fans, there is no such binding. Supportive nature of the fanatics could be related to the emotional stimulation as emotional stimulation motivates the fantasies of the fanatics for a particular team or sports. For them, sports are much more than a game and actions. It is just like the ritualistic part of a religion. For instance, studies have shown that being a part of a sports team or religious group is a useful thing for psyche of human. Research has also shown that the fanatics could correlate with the frequency of positive and negative emotions respectively. The strong emotions of fanatics are associated with the number of other indexes of psychological stability as well, like, affective expression, alienation and vigor. Politically, many fanatic groups believe that their belief system could make the world a better place to live. Their believe system is so strong that they wants to believe that they could capitulate themselves and their older selves and that would help to push forward the new agenda and system. Many political fanatic groups have resolved to violence, which comes from the belief that they could one day change the world. Sometimes they are ready to hurt themselves and others for the sake of their political beliefs. Even the sports fanatics have started the violence many times at the end of the game. There are certain areas in the world where wearing a particular team jersey, could create problems. The problems could go in that extent when one could beat up and killed. Sports fanatics are very loyal to their teams. Their psychology is so attached to the team that any negative feeling from the supporters of the other teams could make them violent. Politically, some of the extremists beli ef that what they belief is right. It is unfortunate that at times certain political extremists feel entitled to believe. They become aggressive as they feel that the support they are receiving is from mainstream political system or campaigns and officials. Information acquisition is another reason that could motivate the fanaticism. According to me, structured organizations control both the religion and sports. For example, churches, mosques and synagogue are the places or organization where religion is practiced. These are all house of religious practices where believers come to satisfy their beliefs. Similarly, the sports stadiums and arenas represent the cathedrals and temples where followers come together to celebrate the success of their respective team. Communally the supporters pray for the success of their supportive team as if the devotees go to the temple or cathedral to pray. In both the structured organizations, there are many rituals, which are performed in the arenas, which could be associated with sports or religion, are organized and structured. The most fanatical and devoted fans should know the information about the players of the opposite and respective teams. In the psychology of a sports fan, community pride plays an important role, as they perceive the sports club as the main source of local expression of their community. These fans want to attend the sports event because if the local team is in the higher position in the city that would increase the images of the community, which could represent an important symbol for the community. Another reason that would motivate fanaticism is the sense of group affiliation. Fans wants to express this feeling as their immediate ancestors would come to visit the sports. This is one of the main reasons for which fanatics wants to attend the game. From the childhood, many young fans became the fans of a team, as their parents are associated with the sentiment of the team. These fans want to carry their family sentiments by attending into the sports ceremony. Many fans perceive the club as an extended form of family where they show a certain degree of devotion. For devoted and fanatical fans, this is extremely true. The fanatical fans show loyalty and commitment to the club by purchasing merchandise, accompanying home games and participating in other related activities. These fanatical groups believe that activities such as singing, chanting before or during the match would make them the real fans of the team, which would act as the backbone of the other supporters. The fanatics could value the creation of feelings of the communities of similar likeminded people. The sense of connectedness, belonging and devotion are associated with the community feeling, which could create a sense of transcendence. In many ways, the fan driven development of communities could be seen as branding the community. Fanatics have huge and detailed knowledge of the history of the club they support. They commemorate the past stories before the beginning of the match or in halftime. Among the fanatics, interaction with the club is highly acknowledged. These fanatics are to engage in the website discussions and commentaries through emails. These activities help to connect the supporter groups. The fanatics of particular sports club are active in researching and subscribing to the newsletter and fanzines. Many fanatics would like to see the club as their extended family. It is related to the devotion that the fanatics exhibit while watching the sports in the stadium. In the discipline of sociology, fandom is used to portray the interaction between the audience and popular media within culture studies (Delaney Madigan, 2015). From the late 1980s Fiske and Jenkins were the first scholars who put importance on fans and fandom in media and cultural studies (Duffett, 2013). They introduce the concept of motivation and the interaction between fans and the objects of their fanaticism. A fan is generally perceived as an obsessed individual who has an enthusiasm for a particular team, show, celebrity and brand. Fiske has defined fandom as a specific social and cultural interactions, institutions and communities, formed through the close interaction of committed groups of fans in a sub-cultural context. Sport fandom can enhance psychological well-being and the quality of life (Evans Stasi, 2014). It has been argued that identification with sport teams may serve to replace traditional but declining social ties such as religion and the family. Social conne ctions resulting from sport identification may prove beneficial to ones psychological health by serving as a buffer against depression and alienation while increasing self-esteem. To conclude I would like to say I am a member of Islam religion and big fan of Barcelonas team. I almost feel the same when my team wins and when I pray for my God. The level of commitment is similar in both the categories. References Delaney, T., Madigan, T. (2015).The sociology of sports: An introduction. McFarland. Duffett, M. (2013).Understanding fandom: An introduction to the study of media fan culture. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Evans, A., Stasi, M. (2014). Desperately seeking methods: New directions in fan studies research.Participations,11(2), 4-23. Harvey, L. (2014).A brief theology of sport. SCM Press. Higgs, R. J. (2015).God in the stadium: Sports and religion in America. University Press of Kentucky. Jensen, J. A. (2014). Sports fans, identity, and socialization: exploring the fandemonium. Jona, I. N., Okou, F. T. (2013). Sports and Religion.Religion,2. Watson, N. J., Parker, A. (2014).Sport and the Christian religion: a systematic review of literature. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Watson, N. J., Parker, A. (Eds.). (2012).Sports and Christianity: historical and contemporary perspectives. Routledge.